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DM-NVX-351 - DigitalMedia™ 4K60 4:4:4 HDR Network AV Encoder/Decoder w/Downmixing
DM-NVX-351 - DigitalMedia™ 4K60 4:4:4 HDR Network AV Encoder/Decoder w/Downmixing
DM-NVX-351 - DigitalMedia™ 4K60 4:4:4 HDR Network AV Encoder/Decoder w/Downmixing
DM-NVX-351 - DigitalMedia™ 4K60 4:4:4 HDR Network AV Encoder/Decoder w/Downmixing
DM-NVX-351 - DigitalMedia™ 4K60 4:4:4 HDR Network AV Encoder/Decoder w/Downmixing

    DM-NVX-351 - DigitalMedia™ 4K60 4:4:4 HDR Network AV Encoder/Decoder w/Downmixing

    DigitalMedia™ NVX technology transports ultra high-definition 4K video with 60 Hz frame rates and 4:4:4 color sampling over standard Gigabit Ethernet. Support for HDR video (HDR10) and HDCP 2.2 ensures the ultimate in picture quality and compatibility for all of today’s varied media sources. Using standards-based Ethernet wiring and switches, DM® NVX delivers a vastly scalable, high-performance solution for enterprise-wide 4K content distribution.[1]

    The Crestron® DM-NVX-351 is a compact video encoder/decoder designed to function as either a transmitter or receiver with the ability to switch between the two modes programmatically via commands from a Crestron control system. Featuring simple web-based control and management, USB and KVM integration, and support for copper and fiber LAN connectivity, the DM-NVX-351 offers a one-stop solution for any-sized network AV installation.[2]

    The DM-NVX-351 includes all the features of the DM-NVX-350 with the addition of surround sound to stereo downmixing. Refer to the “7.1 Surround Sound Audio with Downmixing” section below for details.

    Real-Time 4K60 Video Distribution
    Engineered for demanding conference room and classroom applications, DM NVX ensures real-time, full-motion 4K60 video performance for the presentation of multimedia, videoconferencing, and live camera images. DM NVX employs high-quality JPEG 2000 encoding using a patent-pending technique that overlaps scaling and encoding latencies, achieving an ultra-low end-to-end latency of 30 ms at 60 fps, so on-screen functions such as mousing and game play are fluid and natural.

    Encoder and Decoder in One
    In a single compact device, the DM-NVX-351 is configurable to operate as either a network AV encoder or decoder.

    • As an encoder, it allows a laptop computer, camera, or other media source to be connected via HDMI® and then transmitted over the network.[1]
    • As a decoder, it receives the signal from a DM NVX encoder and feeds it to a display device via the HDMI output. It can quickly and easily switch between multiple encoders on the network alongside locally-connected HDMI sources.[1]
    • The encoder/decoder mode can be switched on-the-fly via a control system to provide a versatile, cost-effective presentation switching solution using one integrated device.

    2x1 HDMI® Auto-Switcher 

    The DM-NVX-351 includes two HDMI inputs. Switching between the two inputs can be performed automatically using auto-switching mode, manually using the onboard input select button, programmatically via a Crestron control system, or through a computer using a web browser. When used as a decoder mounted behind a typical conference room display device, the HDMI inputs provide a convenient way to connect a Crestron AirMedia® presentation gateway.[1]

    HDMI Output
    When configured as a decoder, the DM-NVX-351’s HDMI output feeds the decoded signal to the local display device (or any other device with an HDMI input). Its built-in scaler ensures an optimal image, scaling the encoded source resolution up or down to match the native resolution of the display device. When used as an encoder, the HDMI output can be used to feed a local display, confidence monitor, or audio system.[1,3]

    USB and KVM Integration
    For a complete signal management solution, DM NVX supports the extension of USB signals, which may be switched and routed alongside the AV signal or separately via the control system. USB 2.0 host and device ports are provided on each DM-NVX-351 box, allowing a USB mouse, keyboard, or other device to be connected at one box and routed to a computer or other host at another box. KVM switch functionality is a natural application for this feature, but all types of USB peripherals are supported including whiteboards, touch screens, game controllers, cameras, mobile devices, headsets, and flash drives.[4]

    USB signals can also be routed to other locations where a DM NVX box does not exist using Crestron USB over Ethernet Extender Modules (USB-EXT-DM). USB signals can be freely routed between DM NVX and USB-EXT-DM units over Ethernet under the management of a Crestron control system.

    7.1 Surround Sound Audio with Downmixing
    DM NVX supports the lossless transport of 7.1 surround sound audio signals, including Dolby® TrueHD, Dolby Atmos®, DTS-HD®, DTS:X®, and uncompressed linear PCM. The DM-NVX-351 includes the ability to decode the incoming multichannel surround sound signal, whether from the network or an HDMI input, and downmix that signal to stereo. The stereo downmix signal is automatically routed to the onboard analog output [4], while the HDMI output can be configured to output either stereo or multichannel. As an encoder, the DM-NVX-351 distributes both stereo and multichannel signals simultaneously over the network, allowing either signal to be selected at any decoder on the network.

    Analog Audio Embedding or De-embedding 
    A balanced stereo analog audio port is included, which may be configured as either an input or output. As an input, it allows a stereo audio source to be connected and combined with the video signal from either HDMI input or the incoming network video stream. As an output, it can provide a stereo line-level signal to feed a local sound system or sound bar. The output volume is adjustable via a control system or web browser.[5]

    Breakaway Audio
    A DM NVX decoder may select and combine separate video and audio signals from two different inputs, even two different encoders. There are just two exceptions: A) signals may not be combined between the two onboard HDMI inputs, and B) combining signals from two separate encoders is limited to 2-channel stereo audio.[6,7]

    Text Overlay
    The ability to display dynamic or fixed text on screen provides a means to label the video source or display special instructions, schedules, announcements, alerts, and other messaging.

    Video Wall Processing
    A video wall composed of up to 64 individual displays can be configured using multiple DM-NVX-351 units. Each unit provides fully-adjustable zoom capability and bezel compensation to accommodate a range of video wall configurations and display types. One DM-NVX-351 is required per display, supporting configurations of up to eight wide by up to eight high.

    Key Features
    • 4K60 4:4:4 video over standard Gigabit Ethernet
    • No latency penalty for real-time video performance
    • HDR (High Dynamic Range) video support (HDR10)
    • Dolby® TrueHD, Dolby Atmos®, DTS-HD®, DTS:X®, and uncompressed 7.1 linear PCM audio support
    • HDCP 2.2 compliant
    • Configurable as an encoder or decoder
    • Dual onboard RJ45 LAN ports
    • Option for a fiber optic network connection via SFP port [2]
    • Enterprise-grade security
    • Two auto-switching HDMI® inputs and one HDMI output [1]
    • Built-in 4K60 4:4:4 scaling
    • Onboard video wall processing
    • Analog audio port configurable as a balanced stereo input or output [5]
    • Analog audio embedding or de-embedding
    • Stereo downmixing of surround sound audio signals
    • Simultaneous distribution of stereo and surround sound signals
    • Audio breakaway capability [6,7]
    • Dynamic text overlay capability
    • RS-232 and IR control ports [9]
    • CEC device control gateway [9]
    • USB and KVM signal extension and routing [4]
    • Easy setup via built-in webpages
    • Fully-controllable via a Crestron® control system
    • Compact, surface-mountable form factor
    • Powered via local power pack or optional power injector [8]
    • 100-240V universal power pack included

    1. 4K60 4:4:4 performance requires the use of HDMI cables with a minimum TMDS bandwidth of 18 Gbps, such as Crestron model CBL-HD (20 ft / 6.1 m max. length). If 4K60 4:2:0 or 4K30 4:4:4 performance is acceptable, cables with a minimum bandwidth of 10.2 Gbps may be used, such as Crestron models CBL-HD-LOCK or CBL-HD (any available length). Performance may also be affected if an HDMI coupler is inserted in the HDMI signal path. Crestron coupling products (MP-WP-150, MP-WP-152, MPI-WP-150, or FTA-CP-HD-101) and cable retractors (CBLR2-HD) all have a specified bandwidth of 10.2 Gbps, and thus do not support 4K60 4:4:4. Please be aware that bandwidth loss is cumulative, so the combination of multiple components inserted inline may reduce performance.
    2. To add a fiber optic LAN port requires the purchase of a Crestron SFP-1G series SFP transceiver module (sold separately). All LAN ports on the DM-NVX-351 are for connection to an Ethernet based AV network or device; they cannot be connected to the “DM” ports of other Crestron devices.
    3. When in encoder mode, the HDMI output resolution is matched to the resolution of the encoded source.
    4. The DM-NVX-351 can be configured to accept the connection of a USB device or a USB host, not both. Crestron DM NVX products are engineered to deliver maximum compatibility with the widest possible range of USB products. Crestron does not guarantee that all USB products are compatible with DM NVX products. DM NVX is compatible with Crestron USB-EXT-DM products, but is not compatible with the “USB HID only” signal extender technology found in other Crestron DM products.
    5. The analog audio port can function as an input or output, not both.
    6. Audio from one onboard HDMI input may not be combined with video from the other onboard HDMI input.
    7. Combining audio from one encoder with video from another encoder utilizes the secondary 2-channel audio stream. Multichannel audio from one encoder cannot be combined with video from another encoder.
    8. The DM-NVX-351 is powerable using the 24V power pack (included) or a DM-PSU-ULTRA-MIDSPAN (sold separately).
    9. Device control via RS-232, IR, CEC, or Ethernet requires integration with a Crestron control system.
    10. 3D video input signals are automatically converted to 2D.
    11. HDMI connections require an appropriate adapter or interface cable to accommodate a DVI or Dual-Mode DisplayPort signal. CBL-HD-DVI interface cables are available separately.

    Specification
    • Encoding/Decoding

      Video Compression - JPEG 2000
      Video Resolutions - Up to 4096x2160@60Hz (DCI 4K60), 4:4:4 color sampling, HDR10 and Deep Color support
      Audio Formats - Primary multichannel (up to 8-channel LPCM or encoded HBR 7.1 surround sound), secondary 2-channel LPCM
      Bitrates - 100 to 990 Mbps
      Streaming Protocols - RTP, RTSP, SDP
      Container - MPEG-2 transport stream (.ts)
      Session Initiation - Multicast via RTSP
      Copy Protection - HDCP 2.2

      Video
      Input Signal Types - HDMI w/HDR10, Deep Color, and 4K60 4:4:4 support [1,10] (Dual-Mode DisplayPort and DVI compatible [11]) -  
      Output Signal Types - HDMI w/HDR10, Deep Color, and 4K60 4:4:4 support [1] (DVI compatible [11])
      Switcher - 2x1 auto-switching, Crestron QuickSwitch HD™ technology
      Scaler - 4K60 4:4:4 video scaler with motion-adaptive deinterlacing, intelligent frame rate conversion, Deep Color support, HDR10 support, widescreen format selection (zoom, stretch, maintain aspect-ratio, or 1:1), video wall processing up to 8 wide x up to 8 high, static or dynamic text overlay
      Copy Protection - HDCP 2.2
       
      Audio
      Input Signal Types - HDMI (Dual-Mode DisplayPort compatible [11]), analog stereo [5]
      Output Signal Types - HDMI (multichannel pass-through or 2-channel downmix), analog stereo (2-channel downmix) [5]
      Digital Formats - Dolby Digital®, Dolby Digital EX, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby TrueHD, Dolby Atmos, DTS®, DTS-ES, DTS 96/24, DTS-HD High Res, DTS-HD Master Audio, DTS:X, LPCM up to 8 channels
      Analog Formats - Stereo 2-Channel
      Analog-To-Digital Conversion - 24-bit 48 kHz
      Digital-To-Analog Conversion - 24-bit 48 kHz
      Analog Performance - Frequency Response: 20 Hz to 20 kHz ±0.5 dB; S/N Ratio: >95 dB 20 Hz to 20 kHz A-weighted; THD+N: <0.005% @="" 1=""> Stereo Separation: >90 dB
      Analog Output Volume Adjustment - -80 to +20 dB

      Communications
      Ethernet - 10/100/1000 Mbps, auto-switching, auto-negotiating, auto-discovery, full/half duplex, TCP/IP, UDP/IP, CIP, DHCP, SSL, TLS, SSH, SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol), IEEE 802.1x, IPv4, HTTPS web browser setup and control, Crestron control system integration
      USB - USB 2.0 host or device signal extension; USB 2.0 computer console (for setup)
      RS-232 - 2-way device control and monitoring up to 115.2k baud with hardware and software handshaking (via control system); computer console (for setup)
      IR/Serial - 1-way device control via infrared up to 1.1 MHz or serial TTL/RS-232 (0-5 Volts) up to 19.2k baud (via control system)
      HDMI - HDCP 2.2, EDID, CEC
      DM NVX (via Ethernet) - HDCP 2.2, AES, RTP, RTSP, SDP, ONVIF, IGMPv3 (v2 coming soon), SMPTE 2022
      NOTE: Supports management of HDCP and EDID; supports management of CEC between the connected HDMI devices and a control system

      Connectors
      USB DEVICE - (1) USB Type B female; USB 2.0 device port; USB signal extender port for connection to a computer or any other USB 2.0 host [4]
      USB HOST - (1) USB Type A female; USB 2.0 host port; USB signal extender port for connection of a mouse, keyboard, or any other USB 2.0 device [4]; Available Power: 500 mA at 5 Volts DC
      LAN 1 - (1) 8-pin RJ45 female; 10Base-T/100Base-TX/1000Base-T Ethernet port; PD (powered device) port compatible with Crestron DM-PSU-ULTRA-MIDSPAN only [8]
      LAN 2 - (1) 8-pin RJ45 female; 10Base-T/100Base-TX/1000Base-T Ethernet port 
      LAN 3 - (1) SFP port; Accepts one Crestron SFP-1G series SFP transceiver module [2]
      HDMI OUTPUT - (1) 19-pin Type A HDMI female; HDMI digital video/audio output (DVI compatible [11]) [1]
      HDMI INPUT 1 – 2 - (2) 19-pin Type A HDMI female; HDMI digital video/audio inputs [1]; (DVI & Dual-Mode DisplayPort compatible [11])
      AUDIO I/O - (1) 5-pin 3.5 mm detachable terminal block; Balanced/unbalanced stereo line-level audio input or output [5]; Input Impedance: 24k Ohms balanced/unbalanced; Maximum Input Level: 4 Vrms balanced, 2 Vrms unbalanced; Output Impedance: 200 Ohms balanced, 100 Ohms unbalanced; Maximum Output Level: 4 Vrms balanced, 2 Vrms unbalanced
      CONSOLE, SERIAL - (1) 8-pin RJ45 female; RS-232 computer console port (for setup) 
      CONSOLE, USB - (1) USB Type B female; USB 2.0 computer console port (for setup)
      IR 1 – 2 - (1) 4-pin 3.5 mm detachable terminal block; Comprises (2) IR/Serial ports [9]; IR output up to 1.1 MHz; 1-way serial TTL/RS-232 (0-5 Volts) up to 19200 baud
      COM - (1) 5-pin 3.5 mm detachable terminal block; Bidirectional RS-232 port [9]; Up to 115.2k baud, hardware and software handshaking support
      24VDC 2.0A - (1) 2.1 x 5.5 mm DC power connector; 24 Volt DC power input; PW-2420RU power pack included
      G - (1) 6-32 screw; Chassis ground lug

      Controls & Indicators
      TX - (1) Green LED, indicates unit is in transmitter (encoder) mode
      RX - (1) Green LED, indicates unit is in receiver (decoder) mode
      OL - (1) Green LED, indicates an online connection to a control system via Ethernet
      LAN 1 – 2 - (4) LEDs, green indicates Ethernet link status, amber indicates Ethernet activity
      LAN 3 LNK - (1) Green LED, indicates Ethernet link status
      LAN 3 ACT - (1) Green LED, indicates Ethernet activity
      HDMI OUTPUT - (1) Green LED, indicates video signal transmission at the HDMI output
      HDMI INPUT 1 – 2 - (2) Green LEDs, each indicates sync detection at the corresponding HDMI input
      PWR - (1) Bi-color green/amber LED, indicates operating power supplied via the power pack or injector, illuminates amber while booting and green when operating
      SETUP - (1) Red LED and (1) recessed pushbutton for Ethernet setup
      RESET - (1) Recessed pushbutton for hardware reset
      INPUT SEL - (1) Pushbutton for manual input selection and (2) bi-color green/amber LEDs to indicate the current active input and signal presence at each corresponding input

      Power
      Power Pack (included) - Input: 1.5 Amps maximum @ 100-240 Volts AC, 50/60 Hz; Output: 2 Amps @ 24 Volts DC; Model: PW-2420RU
      Power over Ethernet - Compatible with Crestron DM-PSU-ULTRA-MIDSPAN only [8]
      Power Consumption - 35 Watts typical

      Environmental
      Temperature - 32° to 104° F (0° to 40° C)
      Humidity - 10% to 90% RH (non-condensing)
      Heat Dissipation - 85 BTU/hr

      Enclosure
      Chassis - Metal, black finish, integral mounting flanges, fan cooled; vented top, front, bottom, and sides
      Mounting - Freestanding, surface mount, or attach to a single rack rail

      Dimensions
      Height - 8.61 in (219 mm)
      Width - 9.27 in (236 mm)
      Depth - 1.50 in (39 mm)
      Weight   - 2.0 lb (0.91 kg)

      1. 4K60 4:4:4 performance requires the use of HDMI cables with a minimum TMDS bandwidth of 18 Gbps, such as Crestron model CBL-HD (20 ft / 6.1 m max. length). If 4K60 4:2:0 or 4K30 4:4:4 performance is acceptable, cables with a minimum bandwidth of 10.2 Gbps may be used, such as Crestron models CBL-HD-LOCK or CBL-HD (any available length). Performance may also be affected if an HDMI coupler is inserted in the HDMI signal path. Crestron coupling products (MP-WP-150, MP-WP-152, MPI-WP-150, or FTA-CP-HD-101) and cable retractors (CBLR2-HD) all have a specified bandwidth of 10.2 Gbps, and thus do not support 4K60 4:4:4. Please be aware that bandwidth loss is cumulative, so the combination of multiple components inserted inline may reduce performance.
      2. To add a fiber optic LAN port requires the purchase of a Crestron SFP-1G series SFP transceiver module (sold separately). All LAN ports on the DM-NVX-351 are for connection to an Ethernet based AV network or device; they cannot be connected to the “DM” ports of other Crestron devices.
      3. When in encoder mode, the HDMI output resolution is matched to the resolution of the encoded source.
      4. The DM-NVX-351 can be configured to accept the connection of a USB device or a USB host, not both. Crestron DM NVX products are engineered to deliver maximum compatibility with the widest possible range of USB products. Crestron does not guarantee that all USB products are compatible with DM NVX products. DM NVX is compatible with Crestron USB-EXT-DM products, but is not compatible with the “USB HID only” signal extender technology found in other Crestron DM products.
      5. The analog audio port can function as an input or output, not both.
      6. Audio from one onboard HDMI input may not be combined with video from the other onboard HDMI input.
      7. Combining audio from one encoder with video from another encoder utilizes the secondary 2-channel audio stream. Multichannel audio from one encoder cannot be combined with video from another encoder.
      8. The DM-NVX-351 is powerable using the 24V power pack (included) or a DM-PSU-ULTRA-MIDSPAN (sold separately).
      9. Device control via RS-232, IR, CEC, or Ethernet requires integration with a Crestron control system.
      10. 3D video input signals are automatically converted to 2D.
      11. HDMI connections require an appropriate adapter or interface cable to accommodate a DVI or Dual-Mode DisplayPort signal. CBL-HD-DVI interface cables are available separately.

    Technical specification
    • Unique ref.crestron-DM-NVX-351
    • Product familyVideo
    • Product groupDigitalMedia Streaming Solutions
    • TypeObject (single object)
    • Date of publishing2018-04-30
    • Edition number1
    • Height (inches)8.61
    • Width (inches)9.27
    • Depth (inches)1.5
    Related
    • Material mainMetal
    • Designed inUnited States
    • Manufactured inMexico
    • Weight Net (Lbs)2
    Classification
    • BIMobject CategoryElectronics - Controls
    • IFC classificationElectrical Element
    • ETIM CodeEC001634
    • ETIM NameAudio/video transmitting system
    • UNSPSC nameElectrical controls and accessories
    • UNSPSC code391215
    • Uniclass 2015 CodePr_60_75_08
    • Uniclass 2015 DescriptionAudio and visual source products
    • CSI MasterFormat 2014 Code11 52 00
    • CSI MasterFormat 2014 TitleAudio-Visual Equipment
    • OmniClass Number23-37 15 00
    • OmniClass TitleAudio Visual Equipment

    Region availability

    Europe Asia North America Africa South America Oceania
    Åland Islands
    Afghanistan
    Anguilla
    Algeria
    Argentina
    American Samoa
    Albania
    Armenia
    Antigua and Barbuda
    Angola
    Bolivia
    Australia
    Andorra
    Azerbaijan
    Aruba
    Benin
    Brazil
    Cook Islands
    Austria
    Bahrain
    Barbados
    Botswana
    Chile
    Federated States of Micronesia
    Belarus
    Bangladesh
    Belize
    Burkina Faso
    Colombia
    Fiji
    Belgium
    Bhutan
    Bermuda
    Burundi
    Ecuador
    French Polynesia
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
    British Indian Ocean Territory
    British Virgin Islands
    Cameroon
    Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
    Guam
    Bulgaria
    Brunei
    Canada
    Cape Verde
    French Guiana
    Kiribati
    Croatia
    Cambodia
    Caribbean Netherlands
    Central African Republic
    Guyana
    Marshall Islands
    Cyprus
    China
    Cayman Islands
    Chad
    Paraguay
    Nauru
    Czech Republic
    Christmas Island
    Collectivity of Saint Martin
    Comoros
    Peru
    New Caledonia
    Denmark
    Cocos (Keeling) Islands
    Costa Rica
    Côte d'Ivoire
    Suriname
    New Zealand
    Estonia
    Georgia
    Cuba
    Democratic Republic of the Congo
    Uruguay
    Niue
    Faroe Islands
    Hong Kong
    Curaçao
    Djibouti
    Venezuela
    Norfolk Island
    Finland
    India
    Dominica
    Egypt
    Northern Mariana Islands
    France
    Indonesia
    Dominican Republic
    Equatorial Guinea
    Palau
    Germany
    Iran
    El Salvador
    Eritrea
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    Gibraltar
    Iraq
    Greenland
    Eswatini
    Pitcairn Islands
    Greece
    Israel
    Grenada
    Ethiopia
    Samoa
    Guernsey
    Japan
    Guadeloupe
    Gabon
    Solomon Islands
    Hungary
    Jordan
    Guatemala
    Ghana
    Timor-Leste
    Iceland
    Kazakhstan
    Haiti
    Guinea
    Tokelau
    Ireland
    Kuwait
    Honduras
    Guinea-Bissau
    Tonga
    Isle of Man
    Kyrgyzstan
    Jamaica
    Kenya
    Tuvalu
    Italy
    Laos
    Martinique
    Lesotho
    United States Minor Outlying Islands
    Jersey
    Lebanon
    Mexico
    Liberia
    Vanuatu
    Latvia
    Macau
    Montserrat
    Libya
    Wallis and Futuna
    Liechtenstein
    Malaysia
    Nicaragua
    Madagascar
    Lithuania
    Maldives
    Panama
    Malawi
    Luxembourg
    Mongolia
    Puerto Rico
    Mali
    Malta
    Myanmar (Burma)
    Saint Kitts and Nevis
    Mauritania
    Moldova
    Nepal
    Saint Lucia
    Mauritius
    Monaco
    North Korea
    Saint Pierre and Miquelon
    Mayotte
    Montenegro
    Oman
    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    Morocco
    Netherlands
    Pakistan
    Saint-Barthélemy
    Mozambique
    North Macedonia
    Palestine
    Sint Maarten
    Namibia
    Norway
    Philippines
    The Bahamas
    Niger
    Poland
    Qatar
    Trinidad and Tobago
    Nigeria
    Portugal
    Saudi Arabia
    Turks and Caicos Islands
    Republic of the Congo
    Romania
    Singapore
    U.S. Virgin Islands
    Reunion
    Russia
    South Korea
    United States
    Rwanda
    San Marino
    Sri Lanka
    Saint Helena
    Serbia
    Syria
    São Tomé and Príncipe
    Slovakia
    Taiwan
    Senegal
    Slovenia
    Tajikistan
    Seychelles
    Spain
    Thailand
    Sierra Leone
    Svalbard and Jan Mayen
    Türkiye
    Somalia
    Sweden
    Turkmenistan
    South Africa
    Switzerland
    United Arab Emirates
    South Sudan
    Ukraine
    Uzbekistan
    Sudan
    United Kingdom
    Vietnam
    Tanzania
    Vatican City
    Yemen
    The Gambia
    Togo
    Tunisia
    Uganda
    Western Sahara
    Zambia
    Zimbabwe